Foresight is a tool that allows us to look into the future in order to influence the present, and improve it with the help of imagination and realism. Initially, it was used by the military, politicians and businessmen, but today various research groups are contributing to these promising efforts, developing possible scenarios for the development of mankind in the next 15 or 20 years. In addition, some research has been conducted on the future of humanity in 100 years, which for the first time prepares the ground for peace after a period of widespread current chaos. This chaotic time coincides with the transition to the new century (2000-2100). An unimaginable world in which today everyone must take steps to change the present, where caring for the environment and its preservation play a crucial role in the life of mankind.

Recently, the environmental problems of our planet have taken on a catastrophic scale, they have become a threat to the well-being of mankind all over the world now and especially in the future. This affects all countries, but it is often the poorest States and the least privileged groups that bear the main burden. They suffer greatly from the effects of environmental destruction and climate change and have the least resources to adapt to changing situations: such as combating environmental degradation and taking urgent measures to ensure environmental sustainability.

Oil production and refining is one of the industries that has the greatest negative impact on the environment and biodiversity at the local and global levels at various stages of oil production and in typical production practices. Biodiversity and the environment as a whole are being destroyed. On the other hand, fuel combustion is the main cause of global warming.

To analyze the impact of this industry on biodiversity, we cannot limit ourselves to analyzing the impact that crude oil has on each of the species or ecosystems. It is necessary to understand how the oil industry works in various ecosystems and how dangerous the residues it forms are. For example, drilling mud contaminated with diesel fuel is a source of pollution and toxicity to organisms. These residues have long been present in the ecosystem, mainly in third world countries that lack the resources to obtain environmentally friendly technologies and substances when it comes to handling these wastes, which directly affect soils, water and air.

In a world that is increasingly concerned about sustainable development and environmental conservation, it is important to look for innovative and effective solutions to reduce pollution. This is also related to economic development, and such methods cover the whole world and are applicable to all countries, both developed and developing, in order to build new horizons for sustainability and environmental protection. One of the evaluated proposals that could revolutionize both the oil and construction industries in the world is the reuse of diesel-contaminated drilling sludge for the production of asphalt pavement. This article aims to determine how this practice can develop in the future and what positive impact it will have on the environment and sustainable development by 2100.

Chapter 1. Research results of the Horizon 2100 project

This chapter presents the scientific results obtained as a result of tests conducted on drilling mud contaminated with diesel fuel. In addition, the effectiveness of their reuse as raw materials in the formation of asphalt concrete pavement is evaluated, giving them a residual value and, ultimately, the implementation of this proposal in all countries is being considered. The idea is consistent with the principles of closed-loop economics and sustainable development, promoting the reuse of contaminated materials, reducing waste and creating environmentally friendly products.

The implementation of the project can contribute to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future by 2100.

Waste characteristics
The results of the physico-chemical characteristics are presented in Appendix 1. They showed the values of fats and oils, the total content of petroleum hydrocarbons and pH, which exceed the regulated parameters for final disposal. For this reason, they cannot be disposed of without pretreatment, as defined by the standard for the treatment of petroleum waste (MS 819:2017).

In addition, the sections have a high percentage of humidity associated with the content of diesel fuel, the mass of which exceeds 5%, as specified in the environmental license issued by the regulatory authority (Resolution 136:2009). 1.1.2. Granulometric composition

The results of the granulometric analysis showed that the granulometry is in the range of 0.075 - 0.01 mm in the No 200 sieving, since the largest amount of the substance passes (88%). This corresponds to a fine aggregate consisting of silt, clay and colloids (MS 20:1999).

To assess the type of aggregate included in the drilling section, the Cuban standard (MS 759:2010) for aggregates for asphalt concrete mixtures was considered. The material is classified by its granulometry as a filler for asphalt concrete mixtures (mineral embankment). In this case, it is considered a fine-dispersed material in which more than 70% of the particles pass through the 200 sieve. Fillers are mainly used as filler granulometry modifiers (MS 759:2010). Thus, it is possible to improve the workability, adhesion and durability of aggregates, which allows the use of slices as a partial component when replacing aggregates that are traditionally used for the production of asphalt concrete coatings.

Sealing condition
The change in percentage humidity was presented graphically (Fig. 1) in order to assess the dry section with different water content, and not only its individual behavior. The analysis was performed for each measured property. The reference values marked on the graphs correspond to the required standards (ASTM D 1557:12). From the specific gravity of the drilling cutout in a dry and loose state (18.53 kN/m3), an optimal humidity of 9.3% was obtained for compacting the material as soils, since at higher humidity the specific gravity begins to decrease, which affects the compaction, integrity and quality of the material for use as a roadbed. This result should be taken into account in subsequent field tests, since at approximate humidity it is guaranteed that the dry section is compacted, which affects the durability and quality of the specified soil. 82% saturation was also obtained, which means that the soil sample was compacted with an amount of water that is 82% of what can be retained, and, even in this case, compacted to maximum dry density. This situation is considered optimal, as specified in the standard (ASTM D 1557:12).

In general, moisture can affect the loss of adhesion, which is the starting point for many pavement failures, as it directly affects the compatibility between asphalt and aggregates, as well as the adhesion of the asphalt matrix. In this sense, it is possible that the diesel fuel content present in dry cutting allows the material to be compacted with a lower degree of water, which has a positive effect on preventing loss of adhesion or adhesion. As a result, a reduction in the stiffness of paving materials will be obtained.

Assessment of the road surface mixture
The results of using dry cutting to prepare samples with the developed mixtures showed visually favorable uniformity and compaction. However, in the case of samples containing wet sections, they showed signs of plasticity, due to the high content of hydrocarbons in their composition. This situation violated the partial integrity of the samples as a result of crumbling. For this reason, it was decided to continue testing only with dry samples.

Density calculations for dry cutting samples (81, 82, 83, 84, S6 and 87)

They are presented in Appendix 2, where viable values were obtained relative to the density (more than 2.33 g/cm3) proposed by the standard (CN

261:2005). This is due to the fact that the designs of the mixtures and each component included in their composition have such important properties as: resistance and viscosity provided by diesel fuel, which allows compaction of dry cutting and crushed aggregates.

However, sample 85 showed values lower than those set by the reference (CN 261:2005). This may be due to the lack of sand in the construction of the mixture, as it increases weight per unit volume with the release of metal oxides from its composition.

Failure to comply with the density requirements leads to the fact that sample 85 cannot be tested for stability.

Stability and pre-deformation in Marshall equipment
A preliminary stability test using the Marshall method was carried out on samples without adding an asphalt concrete mixture, since the main task is to analyze the behavior of diesel as a binder or adhesive. In this regard, some comments were made on the results of Annex 3, where it was shown that the correction factor varied from 1 to 1.39. This situation indicates that the load measured during the tests was correctly adjusted according to the sample size used, as specified in the Cuban standard (CN 261:2005). The height of the samples remains in the range from 5.3 cm to 6.4 cm, which also corresponds to the typical height range for this test (No. C 261:2005).

In the case of loading, maximum loads in the range from 44 kN to 72 kN were recorded, which affected the stability of all samples according to the Marshall scale. Values from 9.48 kN to 12.41 kN were obtained, which indicates that they are stable and capable of withstanding loads without undergoing plastic deformation, since they are in the permissible range from 9 to 13 kN, established by the standard ^C 261:2005).

At lower loads, they may show no residual deformation resistance, while higher loads may indicate an excessively rigid mixture that may crack or break under repeated loads.

The highest Marshall stability (12.41 kN) and the lowest density of the compacted mixture (2.42 g/cm3), but above the permissible value (> 2.33 g/cm3) ^C 261:2005), were recorded in sample 84, which was determined to be the most effective.

When forming an asphalt concrete coating, good stability is important, since it indicates that the mixture has the ability to withstand transport loads without deforming or collapsing. If the asphalt concrete mixture does not have good stability, it may undergo permanent deformation or premature cracking, which can lead to a reduction in the service life of the road and additional maintenance and repair costs. On the other hand, a low density, but with a higher value, can be beneficial because it reduces the weight of the asphalt concrete mix and thus reduces the cost of transportation and the amount of asphalt needed for road construction. Nevertheless, it is important to find a balance between the density and stability of the asphalt concrete mixture being formed, since too low a density, according to research, can jeopardize the ability of the mixture to withstand transport loads.

These stability test results are preliminary, but in general they indicate that drilling mud can be used as a partial component to reduce the volume of asphalt concrete mixture in the production of asphalt concrete pavement, since it meets the requirements of the Cuban standard (No. C 261:2005).

CBR (California Coefficient of Bearing Capacity) of dry cutting behavior
The CBR dry cutting test showed a high percentage of soil compaction (87-99%), which indicates that the soil was sufficiently compacted. A humidity of 10.6% was also achieved, which must be taken into account in subsequent field tests, since at humidity above this, the specific gravity begins to decrease, which affects the sealing, integrity and quality of the material for use as a road surface.

In addition, the specific gravity of the dry cut indicates that the soil is dense and can provide some deformation resistance in accordance with ASTM D 188307. The CBR values for the two piston diameters (2.54 mm and 5.08 mm) are relatively low. This is analyzed to determine the possible use of the asphalt layer as layers in accordance with (NC 334:2004), indicating that the soil has limited bearing capacity and cannot be used as a base on roads.

Nevertheless, the CBR index was obtained at 55 beats, which is higher than the minimum range (from 20 to 30%) set in the reference standard (CN:334:2004). Thus, dry cutting can be used as the main raw material for the formation of the base in asphalt coatings.

According to the CBR value of 46%, it can be used as a base on motorways, airports, low-traffic and low-cost roads, as specified in the Cuban standard (NC 161:2002) for motorways where soft limestone bases predominate.

Taking into account the above results, CBR samples with different mixing ratios affecting properties such as deformation resistance were analyzed.

CBR behavior in different mixture ratios
The CBR test results show that samples SH1 and SH3 have the highest CBR values with a percentage of 33% and 32% for the 2.54 mm test.

Table 1. CBR behavior in mixed projects

The conclusions indicate that such samples may be recommended for use in underlying layers in a repaired or new roadbed; or in the case of deep potholes where the impact reaches the level of the roadbed, as specified in the standard for pavement (NC 334:2004).

On the other hand, samples SH2 and SH4 have CBR values of less than 20%, as found (CN:334:2004), which is not suitable for use in these road surfaces.

The average humidity is the same for all samples and ranges from 3.2% to 5.5%, which must be taken into account when forming mixtures in subsequent field tests.

Despite the fact that the resistance values of SH1 and SH3 were slightly lower (33 and 32%, respectively) than with dry cutting, they are also effective for use as a substrate on highways, airports, low-traffic and low-cost roads, as specified in the Cuban standard (NC 161:2002) for motorways.

. Statistical analysis of the most effective CBR samples
ANOVA analysis (Fig. 2 (b)) using repeated methods to compare the percentage of CBR between three types of soils with samples with the best indicators (dry sections and selected mixtures). Repeated measurements within each soil type demonstrated data variability within each soil level (Cs1, SH1 and SH3) with significant differences between the three soil types with a confidence probability of 95.0% (Fig. 2a). There is more variability within the Cs1 level than at the other two levels. It was also shown that the percentage of CBR in the other two samples of each level is the same, and that the type of soil has a significant effect on the percentage of CBR.

These diagrams are used to visualize and analyze the results of CBR tests, allowing you to evaluate the bearing capacity of various soil samples or mixtures for road construction.

Taking into account the above, it is believed that the studied materials (Cs1) have a greater potential for use in the construction of roads and sidewalks.

The evaluated option is considered attractive for the construction industry, demonstrating a reduction in the cost of obtaining aggregates, which are traditionally used for the production of these materials. Consequently, costs will be reduced, which can be avoided through fines for oil drilling companies as a result of non-compliance with environmental regulations for the management of hazardous waste. In addition, the use of these wastes for the molding of building materials would be a safe alternative to final disposal, excluding additional contracts with foreign companies for the processing of diesel-contaminated drilling sludge. Most importantly, this is a sustainable practice that gives waste the value of reuse, contributes to the development of a closed-loop economy and is a very interesting proposal from an economic point of view for third world countries where there are no advanced technologies for their processing and there is no need to exploit traditional raw materials, which are expensive.

1.5. Social and environmental impact for the period up to 2100

Within the framework of the concept of sustainable development and positive impact on the environment and social sphere, the evaluated proposal ensures that the oil industry is focused on the conservation and rational use of natural resources, protection of the ecosystem and human health. In addition, it helps to reduce the stored volumes of hazardous waste of this type with the development of new methods in the recovery and recycling processes for the effective use of waste as a green resource. In addition, the risks to which workers and people are exposed in settlements located near facilities where such processes take place are reduced. Also, the reuse of drilling mud for pavement will have a positive impact on reducing carbon emissions. Using these reductions instead of traditional materials will avoid depletion of natural resources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with these activities. Reducing construction waste will also help reduce landfills and soil and water pollution. This will support the fight against climate change and improve air quality. In addition, the introduction of a closed-loop economy will contribute to the creation of jobs in the waste management and pavement production sectors, leading to sustainable development by 2100.

Chapter 2. An approach to a sustainable future. Offers

In this chapter, we will look at how the evaluated proposal is focused on a sustainable future, using imagination as a fundamental tool for innovation. It will examine how research and development can play a crucial role in developing sustainable solutions to environmental and social problems. It will examine the role of imagination and creativity in generating new ideas and approaches to solving complex problems, and explore ways in which science can contribute to positive change towards a more sustainable future.

The oil industry in 2100, as a sector in constant development, is aimed at more sustainable and environmentally friendly methods

By the end of 2100, humanity will experience radical changes in the way it uses natural resources, especially in the oil industry and its impact on the environment. Innovation and originality will be the key to this scientific vision of the future, with technological advances and sustainable practices that will completely change the way oil and its derivatives are used and managed.

Within the framework of this concept, it will be possible to develop advanced processing technologies and methods for the reuse of diesel-contaminated drilling sludge. These wastes will be converted into raw materials for the production of environmentally friendly paving materials, which will help reduce waste and reduce dependence on non-renewable materials. In addition, the oil industry will develop towards the dominance of clean technologies, which will be aimed at optimizing energy efficiency in its activities. The use of advanced technologies will lead to minimizing energy consumption and maximizing oil production on a sustainable basis. The company will also invest in exploring and improving new technologies such as bioenergy, electrification of equipment and biofuel production in order to diversify its energy portfolio and move towards a more sustainable future.

Globally, humanity will achieve a delicate balance between economic development and environmental conservation in both developed and developing countries. Scientific innovations will help restore damaged ecosystems, preserve biodiversity, adapt to the effects of climate change and end international conflicts over valuable natural resources. Advanced technologies will be developed to manage water resources sustainably, reduce air pollution and optimize food production for the world's growing population.

As we approach this future, this vision not only represents a significant step forward in terms of environmental sustainability, but also strengthens the link between science, technology and the preservation of the planet, having a tangible impact on the collective consciousness and contributing to a paradigm shift towards a more equitable and sustainable development for humanity, where there is There are opportunities for everyone and there are alliances between countries. The maximum effect is expected in the event of the end of wars and all armed conflicts, because in that year 2100 it is really important to find new development tools.

A scientific approach to an alternative future for the reuse of diesel-contaminated drilling sludge
By 2100, humanity will reach a turning point in sustainable development, where science and technology will become the fundamental pillar for the preservation of the planet. One of the revolutionary proposals that are currently on the horizon is the conversion of diesel-contaminated drilling waste into environmentally friendly road surfaces. This vision is based on a number of compelling scientific arguments presented in the previous chapter, which have a direct impact on environmental awareness and the economy of the country where this method is used.

The environmental friendliness and positive environmental impact of diesel-contaminated drilling sludge in the production of asphalt concrete coatings is a significant step forward in the field of materials science and infrastructure construction. This innovative approach not only reduces dependence on fossil fuels, but also reduces the amount of polluting waste generated during the construction of streets, highways and airports.

The key to this new study lies in the ability of diesel-contaminated drilling mud to become part of the asphalt matrix, thereby reducing the amount of energy and resources needed to produce pavement.

Future benefits of using diesel-contaminated drilling mud in the manufacture of road surfaces
A. Complete carbon neutralization: Due to the widespread adoption of this technology, greenhouse gas emissions associated with paving will be completely eliminated. This will make a significant contribution to countering climate change and irreversibly improve air quality. We are paving the way for a future in which the air will be clean and climate change will remain only a distant memory.

B. Turning polluting waste into valuable resources: Diesel-contaminated drilling sludge will not only be reused in the production of asphalt pavements, but will also become a valuable source of materials for other industries, significantly reducing the amount of waste generated and contributing to a sustainable closed-cycle economy model.

B. Full protection of natural resources: The reuse of diesel-contaminated drilling sludge will be so effective that the demand for primary materials will be reduced to zero, thereby preserving natural resources, ensuring that future generations inherit a prosperous planet teeming with life.

D. Infrastructure that stands the test of time: asphalt pavements made from diesel-contaminated drilling mud will be so durable that repairs and maintenance will be a thing of the past, which will help reduce resource consumption and waste generation associated with the lifetime of the infrastructure on an ongoing basis.

A futuristic description of the supply chain process using advanced technology in the year 2100:
A. Intelligent collection and identification: Specialized unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with advanced chemical analysis technologies will continuously scan drilling sites for the presence of diesel-contaminated sludge. Using artificial intelligence algorithms, the drones will identify and collect slices, ensuring efficient and accurate collection. These resources will be transported to special processing plants.

B. Separation nanorobots: Once at the processing plant, the drilling sections will be subjected to a revolutionary separation process using nanorobots. These tiny intelligent robots will selectively detect and remove unwanted materials such as rocks, dirt or other debris. The goal is to obtain a homogeneous material consisting mainly of perforation and diesel fuel residues.

B. Bio-regeneration and rejuvenation: subsequently, using the most modern biotechnologies, genetically modified

microorganisms will be used to restore and reduce the content of diesel fuel. These microorganisms will help to break down the remaining waste from the oil industry and strengthen the structure of the material for subsequent use in the production of road surfaces. This ensures that the resulting material will comply with environmental and safety standards for use in the production of asphalt concrete coatings.

G. Adaptive asphalt production: Joint artificial intelligence at asphalt plants will control every stage of the process. Machine learning algorithms will adjust the composition, viscosity of aggregates and processed sections according to the specific conditions of each project, providing an asphalt surface optimized for the environment. Binders can be obtained from sustainable alternative sources such as recycled polymers or biobitum, which will further enhance the environmental friendliness of the process.

D. 3D printing of sidewalks:           with the advent of large-scale 3D printing

Construction companies will use giant robotic printers to lay layers of asphalt pavement right on site. These printers, controlled by artificial intelligence systems, will ensure accurate and efficient asphalt application, minimize waste, optimize the use of materials and will be equipped with emission control systems to minimize any negative impact on

the environment.

E. Preventive maintenance:            after the construction is completed

Artificial intelligence will constantly monitor the road surface, using built-in sensors to monitor its condition and identify any maintenance needs. Predictive algorithms will calculate the optimal time for interventions, ensuring the durability and efficiency of the pavement over time.

This process describes a complete supply chain that transforms diesel-contaminated drilling sludge into a valuable and sustainable resource for asphalt pavement production by the year 2100. This approach represents an exciting future in which advanced technology and artificial intelligence combine to completely change the treatment and disposal of diesel-contaminated drilling sludge.

Conclusions

A. The hydrocarbon content in dry and wet sludge contaminated with diesel fuel is 3.2% and 6.9%, respectively, which exceeds the limits set for final disposal, this is a problem for companies and for the environment. However, it was revealed that these materials can be used as modifiers of aggregate granulometry, which suggests the potential for their reuse in the construction of road infrastructure.

G. Diesel-contaminated drilling mud and its rational use represent a significant step forward in the field of sustainable development and positive environmental impact in the production of road surfaces. This groundbreaking research could change the way infrastructure is built and lay the foundation for a futuristic vision of a more sustainable world by 2100.

Recommendations

To conduct a detailed analysis of the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of diesel-contaminated drilling mud for a complete understanding of its composition and behavior. This will identify problems related to the toxicity and durability of materials, as well as explore potential futuristic approaches to mitigate negative impacts.
Research and evaluation of new technologies that can be applied to the treatment and reuse of contaminated drilling mud for the manufacture of road surfaces. This may include the use of innovative approaches based on nanotechnology designed to isolate and neutralize polluting compounds present in drilling sections, which makes the resulting material more viable for use in road surfaces. This solution will require a highly innovative and futuristic approach to applying technologies at the molecular level to solve environmental pollution problems.
Application of materials reengineering using bioengineering. In the future, when bioengineering technologies are developed, it will be possible to consider the possibility of reengineering contaminated drilling cutouts using decomposition methods and molecular modification of the toxic compounds present. These recycled materials can be used in the production of more environmentally friendly and sustainable coatings that will be able to absorb and neutralize pollutants using built-in filtration systems. Thus, we offer a creative and innovative solution for the use of oil waste.

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