Author: КАРПУЛЕВА АННА АЛЕКСЕЕВНА / KARPULEVA ANNA ALEKSEEVNA
Relevance of the research topic:
Modern design is steadily expanding the scope of its professional tasks. Today, many people believe that design is a universal design method that can be used in almost any sphere of life. It is also difficult to overestimate the importance of Internet resources in the modern world, because thanks to them, people have received conditions for study, work and entertainment. Now it is impossible to imagine the activities of any large company without interacting with customers through its own Internet platform. A website can be used as a powerful tool for creating an organization's image, and it also opens up a wide range of opportunities to attract a target audience through the introduction of various Internet marketing tools. The design of a website is one of the key points affecting the impression of visitors. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that the presence of a corporate image is an integral part of any successful modern organization. The presence of corporate identity in all its manifestations, combined with high-quality services provided, creates an excellent image of the company and promotes it on the market. Consequently, this contributes to the constant growth of interest in its activities. For such an organization as an environmental aggregator website, there is a need to show more attention when creating its visual style, due to the fact that it must carry the key qualities of a trustworthy, strong and competitive company in the market and combine many different brands. This once again proves the relevance of this area of research.
Web design can also be a way to involve people in solving global problems. For example, today's environmental issues have become not only the main problem of sustainable social development of society, but also very serious for the survival of humanity as a whole. Recently, the world has been increasingly concerned about environmental problems. There are very few environmental sites with a clear and convenient design on the Runernet. The interfaces and stylistics of existing eco-sites are outdated and do not perform their proper functions. Often, news about eco-events or promotions are posted on various sites and resources, so it is inconvenient to follow them, and users often do not know about environmental events that take place in their area.
Many people believe that their own actions cannot affect the environmental situation in the world in any way, since the problems are global, and the activities of individual personalities are not enough to solve them.
Local environmental problems in many areas of our country remain unnoticed. Therefore, the creation of an ecological web resource is important to ensure the convenience of solving some eco-problems, as it will help not only those who are interested in this topic, but also attract new people to this movement.
The degree of development of the problem:
At the moment, there is a lot of literature devoted to the development of website design. Nowadays, design doesn't end with just a logo, so the lack of a sufficient amount of constantly updated detailed literature is a problem.
The Internet is developing faster every year, so trends and current technologies in design are rapidly replacing each other. In the future, they will only develop, and quite quickly. Unfortunately, in this case, printed publications lose their relevance due to the inability to constantly supplement and update information. In turn, the Internet space is developing rapidly, and now it is becoming increasingly popular to carry out educational activities online. The lack of literature written by professionals on the Internet resources market leads to the dissemination of not always correct and up-to-date information, which leads to the spread of false judgments and conclusions. The consequence of this is that customers do not see a difference in the work of professional and non-professional designers, preferring to contact people who have only a narrow circle of knowledge in this field. Thus, they deprive specialists with a professional education of work, devalue education in this field and risk eventually getting a completely different result than expected.
Object of research: features of the design of an Internet portal aimed at solving a global problem.
Subject of research: design concept of an ecological Internet portal.
The purpose of the work: to develop a prototype of an ecological Internet portal.
Tasks:
1. To get acquainted and comprehensively analyze the already existing information about the ways of creating the design of Internet portals;
2. To carry out a creative search and develop a name for an Internet resource, using the materials studied earlier, to give this justification;
3. Identify the key points in creating a web design that meets modern trends;
4. Identify important aspects in creating an identity that corresponds to current trends;
5. Develop brand naming;
6. Develop an identity concept for the company;
7. Create a prototype of a convenient and modern website that will collect eco-activities from different resources in one place and provide an opportunity for convenient search.
the main part
1.1. Types of sites.
A website is a set of pages on the Internet that allow users to receive certain information or perform actions, such as ordering goods and services. It consists of one or more linked pages united by a single style or a common design, theme and hyperlinks. To create Internet resources, designers and developers use special techniques and technologies that determine the internal structure and appearance of the resource. The design and content of each website are selected separately and depend on the chosen topic and purpose.
Websites can differ from each other in many ways, so there is no single classification of Internet resources. Experts divide resources by the most distinctive characteristics, for example, by topic, structure, design, method and purpose of creation. If a site is dedicated to any one topic, it is called narrowly thematic, if it covers a wide range of issues and various topics, then it is common. There are also commercial and non-commercial websites, if you distinguish web resources by their focus on making a profit. According to the number of pages, sites are classified as single-page and multi-page.
A single-page website (landing page or landing page) is a website consisting of a single page, often dedicated to a product or service.
The purpose of multi-page websites is to provide comprehensive information, so these resources can be quite large and contain dozens or even hundreds of pages.
Types of sites by structure and content:
1. Online store.
2. Business card.
3. News sites.
4. Blogs.
5. Web services.
6. Forums.
7. Internet portals.
The functions of Internet portals are very extensive, their distinctive feature is active interaction with visitors and the target audience. Portals are complex web projects that require high resource intensity and attendance. The portal often hosts photos, audio and video materials, site maps, blogs, forums and chats. There is a convenient mechanism for comments and search. In addition, the portal may include the formation of ratings and the exchange of messages between users.
The relevance of website development is explained by the following factors:
1. The speed of providing information to a wide range of people;
2. Improving the company's image and increasing its popularity;
3. The ability to organize customer feedback;
4. Operational communication with branches and representatives in different parts of the country and abroad;
5. Organization of marketing research;
6. Advertising and attracting buyers and customers;
7. Increased traffic. [14]
1.2 Types and features of Internet portals
At this stage, it is worth noting that absolutely any portal is a website, but a website is not always a portal. The first distinctive feature of the Internet portal is its vastness and orientation. Regardless of whether the website is expanded and filled with information, they all have their own specific functions and are dedicated to the same topic. The task of the website is to provide the audience with the largest amount of materials about the product; the task of the Internet portal is to help readers, and its goal is to find answers to any questions of interest by linking to external services and providing the necessary resources.
For portals, the most important component is specific and structured navigation, which is not provided by the website. Portals also gather around themselves a public with different interests, while sites have a clear and defined target audience.
In other words, Internet portals have more functions and a more complex structure.
1.3 Features of aggregator sites
Let's take a closer look at aggregator sites. Aggregators are a reliable and profitable type of traffic collectors with a high entry threshold. The aggregator combines services, goods or information within a given topic.
An aggregator is a website that combines (collects) and classifies information and provides resources from different companies on one site.[13] An aggregator is a directory in which a user can quickly find the positions or objects necessary for him and compare them with each other.
Advantages of Aggregated websites:
Thematic and information aggregators are a category of aggregator sites, which includes those resources on which all information on a certain topic is collected, as well as aggregators of reviews, all kinds of ratings, compilation sites, etc. This category is the most extensive, so it often overlaps with other categories. The purpose of this aggregator is to provide visitors with the information they are interested in in a fascinating and convenient form, as well as to offer the user all possible publications on the subject presented.
1.4 Identity and its significance
Usually users form an impression of the company based on their website, that is, they are mainly focused on web design. An Internet site should arouse visual interest, not alienate users.
Identity is the definition of graphic elements and forms consisting of conceptual ideas to create a visual communication company connected by a common idea. It follows from this that in order to determine the real tasks that the identity should reflect, it is necessary to develop a clear and well-founded understanding of the concepts of visual communication of a particular organization. In turn, visual communication is a group of parties that transmit information through visual language and perception.
It is possible to distinguish the following tasks that the identity of web resources should perform:
1. Help in building trust;
2. Attracting potential visitors;
3. Assistance in identification, increasing the recognition of the resource;
4. Promotion of the resource and its popularization;
5. Consolidation of positive emotions among visitors associated with visiting the resource.
A single image consists of many individual elements assembled into a single whole and transmitting certain ideas using visual communication tools. The main components of identity are:
1. Name (company name).
In many cases, the brand name is the starting point for the entire development of corporate identity. The name should fit the type of activity of the company, be understandable to anyone, memorable immediately and for a long time. To briefly convey the brand concept and the main meaning, the name is usually supplemented with a descriptive symbol or slogan.
2. The logo.
The logo is the main distinctive symbol of the brand. It is used on various media, be it official documents or souvenirs. If the name and slogan speak about the brand in words, then the logo visualizes it. The brand name can be used in the logo, but it must also be stylized in accordance with the concept of the company's identity. When creating a logo, it should be taken into account that it is placed on media of different scales, so the sign should be easy to read at any size.
3. Design elements.
The development of corporate identity elements and their media means the development of design components, such as corporate color, typography and additional graphic elements.
Corporate color is an important visual indicator that creates an association with the brand. In most cases, color has a psychological effect on people and forms an emotional standard. For example, blue increases trust, red - boldly attracts attention, green - is associated with environmentally friendly things, and black speaks of rigor, discipline and status. Thus, the color can convey the character, values and principles of the brand. If there are several corporate colors, it is important to maintain a balance between the main tone and the brightness of the accent. In addition, the colors on all media should be the same.
Typography is the design of all text elements involved in the design. The most important part of typography is the font. There may be several of them, but it is important to combine the headsets with each other correctly. In addition, typing provides uniform rules for setting font size, spacing, paragraphs, and list formation.
The development of additional graphic elements of identity includes a unified design of photos, branded patterns, navigation elements, icons, pictograms and much more.
1.5 The importance of Web design
Web design is the process of creating a website, which includes technical development, creating a convenient web page structure, graphic design and transmitting information to the network. The basic principles of this direction include the balance of the main elements, their organicity, rhythm, correct placement of attention accents, general contrast and proportions.
There are two branches in web design - UI and UX.
UI is an abbreviation that stands for user interface and translates as "user interface". This is the direction of digital product development, which is engaged in creating the visual style of websites and applications or services. The user interface should be primarily user-friendly and understandable, as well as attract attention from an aesthetic point of view. Each component should immediately let the client understand what functions it performs, as well as all other parts of the interface should have a clear hierarchical structure. The main characteristics of UI design:
1. Applicable exclusively to digital products;
2. Focused on those elements of the resource with which the visitor interacts directly;
3. Designed to create the perfect combination of all visual elements;
4. The result is a product that meets the aesthetic preferences of the user.
UX stands for user experience, that is, "user experience".[9] This is its main difference from the UI. User experience designers think not only about the appearance of a website or service, but also their tasks include thinking about how the client will interact with the resource. Disciplines such as UX design include many related sciences. It often refers to psychology, and also requires the designer to have analytical skills and an understanding of how modern services, applications and technologies work. The main characteristics of UX design:
1. It is used in digital and analog products;
2. Pays attention to the customer's user experience – from understanding the product to the final interaction with it;
3. Creates the structures of future applications eliminates all possible difficulties faced by users of the program;
4. The result is a product that helps users solve their problems.
PROJECT PART
Based on an in-depth analysis of the above analogues and trends, we can conclude that the existing ecological Internet portals are very diverse, but in most cases they have a complex incomprehensible structure and not intuitive navigation systems. All of them have distinctive properties that are characteristic directly for eco-resources – the choice of color scheme, orientation to a certain age category, a large amount of different information. The corporate identity of these resources is very diverse, but in most cases ill-conceived and superficial. As the analysis shows, large Internet sites pay more attention to collecting information than creating a corporate identity. They also do not pay due attention to the analysis of user experience, so these web resources are unstructured and difficult for visitors. Modern trends in web design are aimed at making resources more convenient and understandable for users, as well as new trends are united by the fact that they try to evoke pleasant emotions in visitors and interest them with unusual concepts.
The project to develop the design concept of the ecological Internet portal "Atmosphere" takes into account the experience of the studied analogues existing at the present time, which indicates the relevance and relevance of the brand in the future.
2.4. Tasks of the design project.
The main task of the design project for the development of an ecological Internet portal is to create a modern and convenient web resource, where the main part will be occupied by the development of an identity and a prototype of an Internet portal. It is planned to develop such a website, which will be able to be implemented in the future. The task is solved thanks to up-to-date graphics, a concise and attention-grabbing color scheme, the creation of a convenient and understandable structure of the website and navigation system, a modern approach to brand positioning. Based on the results of the studied modern trends in website design, it can be concluded that this kind of positioning can contribute to the popularization of the web resource among the target audience, as well as help the Internet portal to solve the tasks.
2.5. Project concept.
Having studied and analyzed the existing types of sites, I chose the concept of an Internet portal for the implementation of an ecological Internet resource, since it is this type of site that provides visitors with a large amount of information in full, structured and understandable. I also chose the mechanism of the aggregator site, as this best solves the problem of collecting up-to-date information. Based on the knowledge gained in the analysis of theoretical information, the name for the Internet portal "Atmosphere", the identity for the brand and the prototype of the website were developed. The portal is designed to help the state and people solve global and local environmental problems. The main goal of the project is to create a large Internet platform where all information related to environmental issues is collected and structured. The problems that the ecological Internet portal is designed to solve:
1. There are no ecological sites with a clear and convenient design on the Internet;
2. The interfaces and stylistics of existing eco-sites are outdated and do not perform their proper functions;
3. Often news about eco-events or promotions are posted on different sites, so it is inconvenient to follow them;
4. People often do not know about environmental events that take place in their area;
5. Many people believe that their own actions cannot affect the environmental situation in the world in any way, since the problems are global, and the activities of individual personalities are not enough to solve them;
6. Local environmental problems in many areas of our country remain unnoticed.
The main goal of the Internet portal "Atmosphere" is to draw attention to the environmental problems of our time with the help of design tools and attract as many people as possible to participate in nature protection events. The portal should also optimize the search and organization of environmental events and give people from different regions and regions the opportunity to talk about what they care about and try to fix these problems. The main task of the design project of the Internet portal "Atmosphere" is to create a convenient and modern website that will collect eco-events from different resources in one place and provide an opportunity for convenient search. Also, the web resource pursues the task of creating an individual selection of eco-activities for each user based on location and interests, identifying local and unpopular environmental problems based on surveys and questionnaires and further providing solutions to them. One of the features of the portal is the collection of visual statistics of public opinion on various environmental issues and a system of awards for users for completing surveys. The portal collects news and announcements about environmental events from various resources.
When registering, the user specifies the area in which he lives and his interests. The service offers each user a solution to the problem that concerns him, which he is able to implement. For example, a user is not satisfied with landscaping in his area, then the service offers him to visit the nearest forest planting campaign, thereby encouraging people to act, and not wait for someone else to solve their problems. Events are selected by the service automatically based on the user's location. If there are no events of interest in the user's area, then they are offered online promotions or events in neighboring districts. The user can also report this problem to the administration of his district through the portal, so that those who organize eco-events pay attention to this and take measures to solve the problem in the future. Thanks to this, residents of small districts and small towns have the opportunity to influence the environmental situation in their area. Also, the user registered on the site is invited to take surveys about various environmental problems, both global and local.
In order for the user to be motivated to participate in surveys, for each one he receives promotions, promo codes and discounts in stores of well-known eco-friendly brands. Visual statistics are collected from the responses of different users, which helps to determine what people are most concerned about. Also, with the help of surveys, local and unpopular problems are identified, they are made public and given the opportunity to be solved.
Features of the Internet portal "Atmosphere":
The site attracts those who have never attached much importance to the topic of ecology to pay attention to it and participate in events. Also, this resource helps those interested to find out what actions are taking place in their areas to solve environmental problems, because it collects events and news from different resources, thereby simplifying the search. The site draws attention not only to major problems, it places special emphasis on supporting sparsely populated regions, whose residents also want to participate in eco-events and want to be heard. Also, this Internet resource challenges users, urging them to solve disturbing problems on their own, starting with themselves. The portal shows statistics that are based on the opinions of "living" people, which will help draw the attention of the authorities to certain problems.
The goal to be achieved in this design project is to create a fresh and modern look at an ecological Internet portal that meets modern requirements, develop an identity, as well as create a prototype of a convenient website. It is planned to develop a web resource that will be able to exist in life in the future, with a possible probability of expansion.
The goals will be achieved thanks to the creation of a unified concept, the use of concise and natural colors in the design, a creative approach in the design of the pages of the website and the navigation system.
2.6 The composition of the project
The composition of the project: creating a name for an Internet portal, developing an identity, creating elements of a website, creating a prototype of a multi-page website.
2.7 Job Description
Development of naming and brand name.
The name for the Internet portal "Atmosphere" was chosen based on associations with natural motifs and environmental themes. The name embodies the comprehensive nature of the brand, and is also designed to evoke emotions of trust, calmness and reliability in the user. The analysis and verification of existing company names for anti-plagiarism in this thematic niche were carried out.
Brand keywords were spelled out, which should become the basis of the future corporate identity and help create the right image of the company. These words were: atmosphere, air, breathing, oxygen, freedom, contemplation, flight, weightlessness, sky, space. Keywords became the beginning for the development of a brand name, as they formed the necessary associations and emotions of the brand. A mudboard was also created, which reveals the basic idea of the visual identity style of the Internet portal and on the basis of which the corporate identity of the company was developed.
The brand name was made in hand-made graphics, based on the plastic of natural lines. Then from was translated into a vector using the Adobe Illustrator graphic editor. The brand name includes images of clouds, hilly landscapes, waves, and is also associated with the image of a clam with a pearl or an eye, which refers the observer to the brand's keyword "contemplation". The font part of the brand name is made using the Montserrat font with a small discharge to make the name more airy and light. (Fig. 1)
A color scheme was chosen for the brand name, which evokes associations with natural landscapes during sunset. Shades emphasize the plasticity of the brand name, and form the right emotions among users. Also, additional colors were chosen for the project, which embody freedom, unhurriedness, environmental friendliness and safety. The project has a large palette, since nature is not limited to certain colors, and in the design concept it is important to display the entire spectrum of natural shades in order to evoke the most accurate associations in the user. (Fig. 2)
Additional graphic elements.
First of all, a thorough search was carried out among the already existing information on the creation of additional elements of identity and all the subtleties of this direction. Further, the main tasks of additional graphic elements were identified: they are designed to emphasize the features of the site and contribute to greater recognition and dissemination of the Internet portal. They also set the general mood of the corporate identity of the company.
Smooth lines, created, like the brand name, on the basis of natural motifs, became additional graphic design elements. The graphics were hand-drawn in Adobe Photoshop and subsequently translated into vector and refined in the Adobe Illustrator graphic editor, These elements are designed to create the right accents on the website, and can also be used on corporate identity media. In addition, additional graphics will later be used to create web design elements. (Fig. 3)
After that, icons and pictograms were created for use on the site. Carefully placed accents on the website help to attract the attention of users and direct them to purposeful actions or simply understanding the information provided. One of the tools for focusing attention are icons, icons and pictograms – images used to indicate any information. The elements were drawn manually and subsequently translated into a vector in the Adobe Illustrator graphics editor. It was important to take into account the size of the icons and their proportions so that all the details looked the same and did not get out of the general style. Icons and pictograms were created based on the plastic lines of the brand name and the general concept of the project.
(Fig. 4)
Development of the site structure.
Any resource is created according to a specific plan. This is what the structure of the website shows. Such a plan should specify how the site pages should be positioned relative to each other. In most cases, this is done in the form of a graphical diagram that contains individual blocks and arrows connecting them. The structure can be external and internal. The external one is a page layout, individual elements of which are marked with blocks. The internal structure includes categories and parts of the website, as well as the relationship between each page and navigation elements. The requirements for the structure of the website may be different, but regardless of them, information should be provided in a user-friendly form.
As a result of the analysis, a tree-like structure was chosen for the site, since this is the most universal way. In such a structure, each product or service is assigned a separate branch: part or subsection. Runet users are most familiar with this structure of sites, so this resource will be convenient and understandable for them. Using a tree structure, the semantic load is distributed between the main page and the various parts, since each page is associated with them. The site structure diagram was made on the Miro platform. (Fig. 5)
Development of corporate illustrations.
The main tasks of corporate illustrations were identified – they are used as background images on various pages of the website, and are also designed to convey the basic concept of the corporate identity of the company. The illustrations embody the emotion of calmness, a sense of spaciousness and a sense of freedom. There are a huge number of colors and shades in the natural world around us. Some of them cause pleasant feelings for most of us, but, in addition, there are also unique color combinations that have a significant impact on human emotions. Based on the theory of color, I have identified the most suitable color combinations for the concept of the project.
The images are made in a raster graphics editor Adobe Photoshop. The main emphasis in the illustrations is on color and shape, with the help of which an eco-friendly and atmospheric image is created. The images are created using soft brushes, fills and gradients using the brand's signature colors. In order to make the illustrations as close as possible to natural images, I have carefully selected colors that are expressed in various shades, gradients and combinations. (Fig. 5,6)
Development of a landing page.
Next, the layout of the landing page was developed using branded illustrations. The purpose of the page is to tell new users about the web resource, explain the goals and objectives, and attract visitors to register. Additional graphic elements of the corporate identity, color gradients and pictograms were used during the creation. (Fig. 7)
Website content development.
After finishing work on the landing page, the development of the Internet portal itself was started. An important part of the design is the absence of straight lines and corners in the elements, so the page header and navigation panel are made using smooth branded lines. The menu is located on the left side of the page and is made in the form of icons enclosed in circles. The user can click on the menu icon in the upper left corner and expand it to find out which categories of the site the icons represent. For convenience, the menu is always in a collapsed form. In the lower right corner there is always a button "up", made in the form of an arrow enclosed in a circle. It is used so that the user can quickly move to the top of the page.
The main page of the site has the title "For you", as it is created automatically based on the interests and location of the user. On the main screen of the page there is a news that the site offers to the user as the most interesting for him. There is also a call–to-action button - by clicking on it, the user can quickly go to the news page and read it.
After the creation of the main and secondary pages, additional pages, frames and site elements were developed. For example, drop-down frames of notifications and user messages. By clicking on the corresponding icons on the right side of the site header, you can quickly view information about new notifications, while not being distracted from reading publications or other activities on the site. Prototyping was also performed in order to demonstrate the work of the site.
(Fig. 8)
CONCLUSION
Based on the work done, the brand naming, identity and prototype of the environmental Internet portal "Atmosphere" were developed.
The analysis of the graphic design of currently existing Internet portals has been carried out, modern trends and trends in this area have been identified.
Selected: colors, stylistics, fonts.
Developed: naming, brand name, identity, branded illustrations, website page layout, website prototype.
The design of the brand block was developed using hand-drawn graphics and reflects the plasticity of natural lines, evoking associations with the brand's keywords: space, air, contemplation. The color scheme of the brand name emphasizes the character of the lines and forms the necessary emotions and associations among users.
For the design of the site page layouts, bright gradients were chosen in combination with calm corporate colors, which creates a sense of space and air and fully corresponds to the brand concept.
A prototype of the Internet portal has been created, consisting of five main pages, a personal account, additional and service pages. The layout fulfills its tasks – the site is easy to use, has intuitive navigation, is not overloaded with elements and is aesthetically attractive.
The modern trends of creating an identity for Internet resources in the current period of time have been identified and applied, allowing to stand out among competitors and actively promote in the Internet environment. As a result of the analysis, it was found out that such aggregator websites are in great demand among users, as they offer a large amount of relevant information on a certain topic.
The design of the Internet portal is modern, attractive and understandable for the target audience, which prolongs its relevance now and in the future.
The goals have been achieved, the objectives of the project have been fully implemented. The project meets modern requirements and trends, and can become a new Internet resource of this type and compete with existing environmental sites.
LIST OF SOURCES USED
1. Alekseev A. Introduction to Web Design. Textbook. — M.: DMK Press, 2019. — 184 p.
2. Lupton E. Graphic design from idea to implementation. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2013. – 184 p.
3. Rosenson I. Fundamentals of design theory: Textbook for universities. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg, 2012. – 224 p.
4. Evami M. LOGO. Creating logos. The most modern developments. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2012. – 352 p.
5. Airy D. Logo and corporate identity. Designer's hand. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2011. – 208 p.
6. Alekseev A. G. Design-engineering. — M.: Yurayt, 2020. — 91 p.
7. Golombinsky K. Add air! Fundamentals of Visual design for web and multimedia graphics / K. Golombinsky, R. Hagen; Translated from English by N.A. Rimitsan.. — St. Petersburg: Peter, 2013. — 272 p.
8. Pavlovskaya E. E. Graphic design. Modern concepts. – Moscow: Yurayt, 2020. – 120 p.
9. Syrykh Yu. A. Modern web design. Desktop and mobile. — M.: Dialectics, 2019. — 384 p.
10. Shokorova L. V. Design-design: stylization. — M.: Yurayt, 2020. — 111 p.
11. Middleton K., Herriot L. CLIPART. The use of ready–made images in professional design. Moscow: AST; Astrel, 2007. - 176c.
12. Re:vision project dedicated to alternative design news (graphic and advertising design, branding and creativity, etc.) [Electronic resource] / URL: website http://www.revision.ru . (accessed: 30.04.2022)
13. Yandex.Zen. Platform for bloggers and media [Electronic resource] / URL: website https://zen.yandex.ru . (accessed: 04/14/2022)
14. Cetera. Website Support Forum [Electronic resource] / URL: website https://cetera.ru . (accessed: 05/19/2022)
15. Studopedia – Student Information resource [Electronic resource] / URL: website https://studopedia.ru . (accessed: 05/19/2022)
16. Vc.ru – online edition [Electronic resource] / URL: website https://vc.ru . (accessed: 05/25/2022)